Maps of Maasai
Influential Eastern Nilotic Migrations (Newman)
Influential Eastern Nilotic Migrations
Source:
Newman, James L. 1995. The Peopling of Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press. 171.
Date Digitized: 2009
Map Description:
According to James L. Newman, the interior of East Africa is one of the most complex ethnolinguistic regions on the continent, due to the continuous movement of groups, including Khoisan, Cushitic, Nilotic and Bantu peoples. As he states in his book, the most influential migrations were those of the Eastern Nilotes. Despite the characterization of their encounters with other cultures as hostile and often violent, it was more common for groups to be gradually displaced or absorbed, with some maintaining independence and coexisting. Such was the case with the Southern Cushites, who were displaced over time, and the Kalenjins, who were assimilated into Bantu society (Newman).
Other LL-MAP resources related to this project:
Eastern and Southern Cushites Introduce Food-Producing Economies to the Interior Mosaic (Newman)
Southern Nilotic Speakers Seeking the Kenyan Highlands(Newman)
Bantu Colonization of the Interior Mosiac of Africa (Newman)
Ngoni, Kamba, Arab-Swahili, and Yao Movements, Migrations, and Trade Routes Within the Interior Mosiac (Newman)
Date Digitized: 2009
Map Description:
According to James L. Newman, the interior of East Africa is one of the most complex ethnolinguistic regions on the continent, due to the continuous movement of groups, including Khoisan, Cushitic, Nilotic and Bantu peoples. As he states in his book, the most influential migrations were those of the Eastern Nilotes. Despite the characterization of their encounters with other cultures as hostile and often violent, it was more common for groups to be gradually displaced or absorbed, with some maintaining independence and coexisting. Such was the case with the Southern Cushites, who were displaced over time, and the Kalenjins, who were assimilated into Bantu society (Newman).
Other LL-MAP resources related to this project:
Eastern and Southern Cushites Introduce Food-Producing Economies to the Interior Mosaic (Newman)
Southern Nilotic Speakers Seeking the Kenyan Highlands(Newman)
Bantu Colonization of the Interior Mosiac of Africa (Newman)
Ngoni, Kamba, Arab-Swahili, and Yao Movements, Migrations, and Trade Routes Within the Interior Mosiac (Newman)
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).
Modern Distribution of the Dadog (Ehret)
Modern Distribution of the Dadog
Source:
Ehret, Christopher. 1971. Southern Nilotic History. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Date Digitized: 2009
Map Description:
This map illustrates the location of the Dadog tribes as well as neighboring communities. The Dadog people consists of several subtribes who often speak their own dialects of the Dadog language. The largest of the subtribes is the Barabaig, numbering around 15,000 people.
Date Digitized: 2009
Map Description:
This map illustrates the location of the Dadog tribes as well as neighboring communities. The Dadog people consists of several subtribes who often speak their own dialects of the Dadog language. The largest of the subtribes is the Barabaig, numbering around 15,000 people.
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).
Modern Distribution of the Kalenjin (Ehret)
Modern Distribution of the Kalenjin
Source:
Ehret, Christopher. 1971. Southern Nilotic History. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Date Digitized: 2009
Map Description:
The Kalenjin people are Southern Nilotes who mainly reside in western Kenya, though their settlements also extend into Uganda just north of Mount Elgon. This map shows their distribution. While Kony, Pok, Bongomek, and Sabiny live around Mount Elgon, Nandi, Kipsigis, Terik, Keyo, Tuken, and Marakwet live in the highlands south and southeast of Mount Elgon. The Kalenjin people are mostly herders and cultivators and number about a million.
Date Digitized: 2009
Map Description:
The Kalenjin people are Southern Nilotes who mainly reside in western Kenya, though their settlements also extend into Uganda just north of Mount Elgon. This map shows their distribution. While Kony, Pok, Bongomek, and Sabiny live around Mount Elgon, Nandi, Kipsigis, Terik, Keyo, Tuken, and Marakwet live in the highlands south and southeast of Mount Elgon. The Kalenjin people are mostly herders and cultivators and number about a million.
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).
Ngoni, Kamba, Arab-Swahili, and Yao Disruptions and Movement Within the Interior Mosiac (Newman)
Ngoni, Kamba, Arab-Swahili, and Yao Movements, Migrations, and Trade Routes Within the Interior Mosiac
Source:
Newman, James L. 1995. The Peopling of Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press. 175.
Date Digitized: 2009
Map Description:
According to James L. Newman, the interior of East Africa is one of the most complex ethnolinguistic regions on the continent, due to the continuous movement of groups, including Khoisan, Cushitic, Nilotic and Bantu peoples. During the nineteenth century, two major events brought change once again to east Africa: the arrival of the Ngoni and the growth of the trade industries from the coast. The Ngoni fought their way north, and many peoples fled, were destroyed or were assimilated; some stood their ground, however, and the constant turmoil that resulted prevented population increases for the rest of the century. By contrast, the steadily improving trade markets encouraged expansion. Arab-Swahili, Kamba and Yao traders connected the interior of the continent with the coast (Newman 1995: 175). However, during this era, no states as prosperous or powerful as those in the interlacustrine region would arise (Newman).
Other LL-MAP resources related to this project:
Eastern and Southern Cushites Introduce Food-Producing Economies to the Interior Mosaic (Newman)
Southern Nilotic Speakers Seeking the Kenyan Highlands(Newman)
Bantu Colonization of the Interior Mosiac of Africa (Newman)
Influential Eastern Nilotic Migrations(Newman)
Date Digitized: 2009
Map Description:
According to James L. Newman, the interior of East Africa is one of the most complex ethnolinguistic regions on the continent, due to the continuous movement of groups, including Khoisan, Cushitic, Nilotic and Bantu peoples. During the nineteenth century, two major events brought change once again to east Africa: the arrival of the Ngoni and the growth of the trade industries from the coast. The Ngoni fought their way north, and many peoples fled, were destroyed or were assimilated; some stood their ground, however, and the constant turmoil that resulted prevented population increases for the rest of the century. By contrast, the steadily improving trade markets encouraged expansion. Arab-Swahili, Kamba and Yao traders connected the interior of the continent with the coast (Newman 1995: 175). However, during this era, no states as prosperous or powerful as those in the interlacustrine region would arise (Newman).
Other LL-MAP resources related to this project:
Eastern and Southern Cushites Introduce Food-Producing Economies to the Interior Mosaic (Newman)
Southern Nilotic Speakers Seeking the Kenyan Highlands(Newman)
Bantu Colonization of the Interior Mosiac of Africa (Newman)
Influential Eastern Nilotic Migrations(Newman)
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).
North Africa: Nilo-Saharan in Northern Africa
Nilo-Saharan in Northern Africa
Data Source:
Irvine, A. K. and David Appleyard. 2007. "The Middle East and North Africa". In R. E. Asher & Christopher Moseley (eds.). Atlas of the World’s Languages. Oxford: Routledge.
"Nilo-Saharan: Composite 2010". MultiTree: A Digital Library of Language Relationships
Date Digitized: May 2011.
Map Description:
The areas pictured display locations of where Nilo-Saharan languages are spoken today. Ranging from Egypt and the White Nile to Uganda and Sudan, Irvine and Appleyard (2007) estimate that there are approximately 90 distinct living languages and dialect clusters. This number varies widely, however, and as further research is done and the complexity of the classification system of the family increases, more languages are being discovered (Irvine and Appleyard 2007).
This original map was made by vectorizing data from the MultiTree language database and the Atlas of the World's Languages.
Other resources related to this project:
This folder (Northern African Languages) contains other maps showing linguistic subgroups. The maps may be overlaid on each other for a more complete picture.
"Nilo-Saharan: Composite 2010". MultiTree: A Digital Library of Language Relationships
Date Digitized: May 2011.
Map Description:
The areas pictured display locations of where Nilo-Saharan languages are spoken today. Ranging from Egypt and the White Nile to Uganda and Sudan, Irvine and Appleyard (2007) estimate that there are approximately 90 distinct living languages and dialect clusters. This number varies widely, however, and as further research is done and the complexity of the classification system of the family increases, more languages are being discovered (Irvine and Appleyard 2007).
This original map was made by vectorizing data from the MultiTree language database and the Atlas of the World's Languages.
Other resources related to this project:
This folder (Northern African Languages) contains other maps showing linguistic subgroups. The maps may be overlaid on each other for a more complete picture.
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process.
Peoples, Cities and States in southern Africa ca. 1400 (Ehret)
Peoples, Cities and States in the Southern Half of Africa ca. 1400
Map Creator:
Christopher Ehret
Source: Ehret, Christopher. 2002. The Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
Date Created: 2002.
Map Description:
This map displays cities, kingdoms and peoples in southern Africa circa 1400. The territories of many of the smaller groups are uncertain, and hence have not been outlined. These, along with several of the kingdoms pictured, continued expanding their borders and developing the southern half of Africa as Europeans began their explorations of the continent (Ehret). Peoples are indicated by white lettering on the map, states by polygons.
Source: Ehret, Christopher. 2002. The Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
Date Created: 2002.
Map Description:
This map displays cities, kingdoms and peoples in southern Africa circa 1400. The territories of many of the smaller groups are uncertain, and hence have not been outlined. These, along with several of the kingdoms pictured, continued expanding their borders and developing the southern half of Africa as Europeans began their explorations of the continent (Ehret). Peoples are indicated by white lettering on the map, states by polygons.
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).
Peoples, Cities and States in southern Africa ca. 1550 (Ehret)
Peoples, Cities and States in the Southern Half of Africa ca. 1550
Map Creator:
Christopher Ehret
Source: Ehret, Christopher. 2002. The Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
Date Created: 2002.
Map Description:
This map displays cities, kingdoms and peoples in southern Africa circa 1550 as shown by Christopher Ehret. During this period, the Portuguese slave trade had begun rapid expansion, and rival European powers had begun colonization in an attempt to begin their own competing stations. Trade routes shifted due to the new influence, and many of the great savannah states began to decline in importance while those on the coasts flourished.
Source: Ehret, Christopher. 2002. The Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
Date Created: 2002.
Map Description:
This map displays cities, kingdoms and peoples in southern Africa circa 1550 as shown by Christopher Ehret. During this period, the Portuguese slave trade had begun rapid expansion, and rival European powers had begun colonization in an attempt to begin their own competing stations. Trade routes shifted due to the new influence, and many of the great savannah states began to decline in importance while those on the coasts flourished.
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).
Peoples, Cities and States in southern Africa ca. 1775 (Ehret)
Peoples, states and cities in the southern half of Africa, ca. 1725-1775
Map Creator:
Christopher Ehret
Source: 2002. The Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. 430.
Date Created: 2002.
Map Description:
This map displays the important groups and locations in southern Africa from 1725-1775, including European colonies and African empires. At this time, the European slave trade was in full swing. Some African groups still resisted European colonization, and it was not long after this period that the first successful slave rebellion occurred in what is now Haiti, resulting in the formation of that country.
Source: 2002. The Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. 430.
Date Created: 2002.
Map Description:
This map displays the important groups and locations in southern Africa from 1725-1775, including European colonies and African empires. At this time, the European slave trade was in full swing. Some African groups still resisted European colonization, and it was not long after this period that the first successful slave rebellion occurred in what is now Haiti, resulting in the formation of that country.
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).
Peoples, States and Cities in southern Africa from 1725-1775 (Ehret)
Peoples, states and cities in the southern half of Africa, ca. 1725-1775
Map Creator:
Christopher Ehret
Source: 2002. The Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. 430.
Date Created: 2002.
Map Description:
This map displays the important groups and locations in southern Africa from 1725-1775, including European colonies and African empires. At this time, the European slave trade was in full swing. Some African groups still resisted European colonization, and it was not long after this period that the first successful slave rebellion occurred in what is now Haiti, resulting in the formation of that country.
Source: 2002. The Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. 430.
Date Created: 2002.
Map Description:
This map displays the important groups and locations in southern Africa from 1725-1775, including European colonies and African empires. At this time, the European slave trade was in full swing. Some African groups still resisted European colonization, and it was not long after this period that the first successful slave rebellion occurred in what is now Haiti, resulting in the formation of that country.
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).
The Countries of Dadog History (Ehret)
The Countries of Dadog History
Source:
Ehret, Christopher. 1971. Southern Nilotic History. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. 57.
Date Digitized: 2009
Map Description:
In his book Southern Nilotic History, Christopher Ehret discusses a number of possible settlements and linguistic interactions of the Dadog of the Masai. He uses loanword evidence to support his hypothesis that they expanded mainly southward, eventually living as far south as central Masailand. They influenced many peoples that they encountered; the linguistic affects seen in Sonjo are particularly strong, and Ehret suggests that this may indicate that the Sonjo live in much the same way and location today as they did in the past.
Other LL-MAP resources related to this project:
Directions of Southern Nilotic Expansion ca. 400-1000 AD (Ehret)
The Proto-Kalenjin and their Neighbors (Ehret)
The Kalenjin from 1400-1500 AD (Ehret)
Date Digitized: 2009
Map Description:
In his book Southern Nilotic History, Christopher Ehret discusses a number of possible settlements and linguistic interactions of the Dadog of the Masai. He uses loanword evidence to support his hypothesis that they expanded mainly southward, eventually living as far south as central Masailand. They influenced many peoples that they encountered; the linguistic affects seen in Sonjo are particularly strong, and Ehret suggests that this may indicate that the Sonjo live in much the same way and location today as they did in the past.
Other LL-MAP resources related to this project:
Directions of Southern Nilotic Expansion ca. 400-1000 AD (Ehret)
The Proto-Kalenjin and their Neighbors (Ehret)
The Kalenjin from 1400-1500 AD (Ehret)
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).
The Kalenjin from 1400-1500 AD (Ehret)
The Kalenjin ca. 1400-1500 AD
Source: Ehret, Christopher. 1971. Southern Nilotic History. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. 67.
Date Digitized: 2009
Map Description:
The division of the proto-Kalenjin community began early in the second millenium, and this separation resulted in the large dialectal variation seen among Kalenjin languages today (Ehret). Illustrated on this map are the areas which several specific proto-groups inhabited around 1400-1500. Ehret reconstructs this past by using information gained from the study of their modern descendants, including both cultural and linguistic details. An example of this investigation is his research into musical instruments; he points out that the drum, although rare among Southern Nilotic peoples, does not have a term in proto-Kalenjin that is known, and this indicates the possibility that drums were introduced to a descendant group.
Other LL-MAP resources related to this project:
Directions of Southern Nilotic Expansion ca. 400-1000 AD (Ehret)
The Countries of Dadog History (Ehret)
The Proto-Kalenjin and their Neighbors (Ehret)
Date Digitized: 2009
Map Description:
The division of the proto-Kalenjin community began early in the second millenium, and this separation resulted in the large dialectal variation seen among Kalenjin languages today (Ehret). Illustrated on this map are the areas which several specific proto-groups inhabited around 1400-1500. Ehret reconstructs this past by using information gained from the study of their modern descendants, including both cultural and linguistic details. An example of this investigation is his research into musical instruments; he points out that the drum, although rare among Southern Nilotic peoples, does not have a term in proto-Kalenjin that is known, and this indicates the possibility that drums were introduced to a descendant group.
Other LL-MAP resources related to this project:
Directions of Southern Nilotic Expansion ca. 400-1000 AD (Ehret)
The Countries of Dadog History (Ehret)
The Proto-Kalenjin and their Neighbors (Ehret)
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).
The Proto-Kalenjin and Their Neighbors ca. 1000 AD (Ehret)
The Proto-Kalenjin and their Neighbors
Source:
Ehret, Christopher. 1971. Southern Nilotic History. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. 65.
Date Digitized: 2009
Map Description:
This map illustrates the approximate locations of the proto-Kalenjin people and their neighbors. These descendants of the Southern Nilotes were closely related to the Kitoki (known also as Bukusu or Yumbu), and shared many cultural as well as linguistic aspects. The proto-Kalenjin (and now, modern Kalenjin) economy was centered around grain cultivation and the raising of livestock, and their societal structure has remained relatively unchanged over the centuries (Ehret).
Other LL-MAP resources related to this project:
Directions of Southern Nilotic Expansion ca. 400-1000 AD (Ehret)
The Countries of Dadog History (Ehret)
The Kalenjin ca. 1400-1500 AD (Ehret)
Date Digitized: 2009
Map Description:
This map illustrates the approximate locations of the proto-Kalenjin people and their neighbors. These descendants of the Southern Nilotes were closely related to the Kitoki (known also as Bukusu or Yumbu), and shared many cultural as well as linguistic aspects. The proto-Kalenjin (and now, modern Kalenjin) economy was centered around grain cultivation and the raising of livestock, and their societal structure has remained relatively unchanged over the centuries (Ehret).
Other LL-MAP resources related to this project:
Directions of Southern Nilotic Expansion ca. 400-1000 AD (Ehret)
The Countries of Dadog History (Ehret)
The Kalenjin ca. 1400-1500 AD (Ehret)
Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).