Maps of Huautla-Mazatlán Masateko

Oto-Mangean at the Time of Contact


Oto-Mangean at the Time of Contact

Data Sources:  
The LINGUIST List MultiTree Language Database
Kaufman, Terrence. 2007. Meso-America. Atlas of the World's Languages, ed. by R. E. Asher and Christopher Moseley, 57. Oxford: Routledge.
Date Digitized:   17 June 2011.

Map Description:
The areas pictured display locations of where Oto-Mangean subgroup languages were spoken when they were first encountered and knowledge of them was recorded. As specified by Asher and Moseley, the time of contact varied for each language; most of the coastal languages were first identified during the 16th and 17th centuries, although some languages in the interior of South America became known much more recently during the 20th century (Kaufman 2007).

This original map was made by vectorizing data from the MultiTree language database and the Altas of the World's Languages.

Other LLMAP resources related to this project:
This folder (Meso-America at the Time of Contact) contains other maps showing linguistic subgroups and their time of contact. The maps may be overlaid on each other for a more complete picture.


Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process.

Oto-Mangean in Contemporary Meso-America



Oto-Mangean in Contemporary Meso-America

Source:   The LINGUIST List "Oto-Manguean: Composite 2008". The LINGUIST List MultiTree Language Database.
Data Source:  Kaufman, Terrence. 2007. Meso-America. In R. E. Asher & Christopher Moseley (eds.). Atlas of the World’s Languages 57. Oxford: Routledge.
Date Created:   June 2009.

Map Description:
The areas pictured display locations of where Oto-Mangean languages are spoken today. Although there is some contention over whether to include Amusgo and Trike in the Mistekan branch, they have been included here. Oto-Mangean is presented as a stock, in the same order as Indo-European (Asher, Moseley et al.).

This original map was made by vectorizing data from the MultiTree language database and the Altas of the World's Languages.

Other resources related to this project:
This folder (Contemporary Meso-American Languages) contains other maps showing linguistic subgroups and their time of contact. The maps may be overlaid on each other for a more complete picture.


Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process.

Oto-Mangean in Contemporary Meso-America



Oto-Mangean in Contemporary Meso-America

Source:   The LINGUIST List "Oto-Manguean: Composite 2008". The LINGUIST List MultiTree Language Database.
Data Source:  Kaufman, Terrence. 2007. Meso-America. Atlas of the World’s Languages, ed. by R. E. Asher and Christopher Moseley, 57. Oxford: Routledge.
Date Created:   22 June 2011

Map Description:
The areas pictured display locations of where Oto-Mangean languages are spoken today. Although there is some contention over whether to include Amusgo and Trike in the Mistekan branch, they have been included here. Oto-Mangean is presented as a stock, in the same order as Indo-European (Asher, Moseley et al.).

This original map was made by vectorizing data from the MultiTree language database and the Altas of the World's Languages.

Other resources related to this project:
This folder (Contemporary Meso-American Languages) contains other maps showing linguistic subgroups and their time of contact. The maps may be overlaid on each other for a more complete picture.


Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process.

Oto-Mangean in Meso-America at the Time of Contact


Oto-Mangean in Meso-America at the Time of Contact

Source:   The LINGUIST List. "Oto-Manguean: Composite 2008". The LINGUIST List MultiTree Language Database
Data Source:   Kaufman, Terrence. 2007. Meso-America. In R. E. Asher & Christopher Moseley (eds.). Atlas of the World's Languages. 57. Oxford: Routledge.
Date Digitized:   June 2009.

Map Description:
The areas pictured display locations of where Oto-Mangean subgroup languages were spoken when they were first encountered and knowledge of them was recorded. As specified by Asher and Moseley, the time of contact varied for each language; most of the coastal languages were first identified during the 16th and 17th centuries, although some languages in the interior of South America became known much more recently during the 20th century (Kaufman 2007).

This original map was made by vectorizing data from the MultiTree language database and the Altas of the World's Languages.

Other LLMAP resources related to this project:
This folder (Meso-America at the Time of Contact) contains other maps showing linguistic subgroups and their time of contact. The maps may be overlaid on each other for a more complete picture.


Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process.

Peoples, Cities and States in northern Africa ca. 1550 (Ehret)


View Original Image

Peoples, states and cities in the northern half of Africa, ca. 1550

Map Creator:   Christopher Ehret
Source:   The Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800. 2002. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
Date Created:   2002.

Map Description:
Shown here are important kingdoms, groups and cities in northern Africa around 1550. Important details of the period include the fate of the large Songay Empire, the expansion of the kingdom of Morocco and European colonization. The Songay Empire suffered from internal political turmoil and degenerated into civil war in the 1580s as it collapsed. Meanwhile, the kingdom of Morocco was growing in power, and steady trade with Europeans provided them with superior weapons, allowing them to expand further as they conquered former Songay lands. European colonial powers vied for forts and trade agreements along the Atlantic coast, although large settlements were rare (Ehret).


Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).

Peoples, Cities and States in northern Africa ca. 1750-1775 (Ehret)


View Original Image

Peoples, states and cities in the northern half of Africa, ca. 1750-1775

Map Creator:   Christopher Ehret
Source:   2002. The Civilizations of Africa: A History to 1800. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.
Date Created:   2002.

Map Description:
This map outlines several of the important African kingdoms and empires, as well as groups of people, in northern Africa circa 1750-1770 (Ehret). During this time, European influence on the continent was widespread; trade and conquest were flourishing under the colonial powers. In the east, Ottoman Empire power was beginning to fail in Egypt, and many of the Arab groups that had once been under their rule broke away. Along the Atlantic coast, many of those involved with European trade prospered, especially Morocco.


Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process. View original image(s) to see the unaltered map(s).

The UNESCO Database of Endangered Languages (UNESCO)

The UNESCO Database of Endangered Languages

Map Creator:   LINGUIST List (Anthony Aristar)
Data Source:   Mosely Christopher. 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. Paris, UNESCO Publishing, Online version. http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/ (29 November 2010)
Contact:   llmaplinguistlist.org
Usage Notes/Copyright Status:   Used by Permission
Date Created:   29 November 2010

Map Description:
UNESCO’s Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger is a database intended to raise awareness about language endangerment and the need to safeguard the world’s linguistic diversity among policy-makers, speaker communities and the general public, and to be a tool to monitor the status of endangered languages and the trends in linguistic diversity at the global level.

Degrees of endangerment
The map designates the degrees of endangerment as based on UNESCO’s Language Vitality and Endangerment framework.

This establishes six degrees of vitality/endangerment based on nine factors. Of these factors, the most salient is that of intergenerational transmission.

Degree of endangerment Intergenerational Language Transmission
safe language is spoken by all generations; intergenerational transmission is uninterrupted
>> not included in the map
vulnerable most children speak the language, but it may be restricted to certain domains (e.g., home)
definitely endangered children no longer learn the language as mother tongue in the home
severely endangered language is spoken by grandparents and older generations; while the parent generation may understand it, they do not speak it to children or among themselves
critically endangered the youngest speakers are grandparents and older, and they speak the language partially and infrequently
extinct there are no speakers left
>> included in the Atlas if presumably extinct since the 1950s




Note: Scanned or downloaded images have been geo-registered for compatibility with our project interface. Slight imperfections are an inevitable result of the registration process.